New Keller Williams book helps rookies create a ‘limitless career’

Keller Williams VP of Strategic Content Jay Papasan has penned a new, 18-chapter book outlining how new agents can build a lasting sales career. The book is available for pre-sale and will officially debut in September.

This May marks Inman’s sixth annual Agent Appreciation MonthLook for profiles of top producers, opinions on the current state of the industry and tangible takeaways you can implement in your career today. Plus, the prestigious Future Leaders of Real Estate return this month, too.

Keller Williams is expanding its publishing empire with “Rookie Real Estate Agent,” a book that helps agents navigate their first years in the industry without falling victim to common — and potentially career-ending — mistakes.

Jay Papasan

The book is based on a decade’s worth of insights from 250 top-performing agents, which have been organized into 18 chapters covering topics such as:

  • Adopting the mindset​ needed to thrive as a real estate entrepreneur
  • Mastering industry fundamentals​
  • Developing a six-figure business plan​ and managing finances
  • Driving effective lead-generation strategies​ to find motivated buyers and sellers
  • Delivering exceptional client service​
  • Managing transactions from agreement to close​
  • Building a reliable database for predictable future income​

Alongside the book, KW leaders are working on new training materials and workshops for rookie agents.

“We asked the most successful agents in our industry what they did their first year that others don’t,” KW VP of Strategic Content Jay Papasan said in a written statement. “Their answers offered a clear formula for success. Treat your career like a business, not a hobby. Work your database early and often. Leverage technology to save money and time while amplifying your value proposition. The ‘Rookie’ lays out the fundamentals every agent needs to thrive.”

Rookie Real Estate Agent: Launch a Limitless Career That Lasts is available for pre-sale on Keller Williams’ KellerINK site for $16.00. Pre-orders will be sent in September, after which the book will also be available for purchase at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and other major retailers.

Keller Williams has eight other books, including The ONE Thing: The Surprisingly Simple Truth Behind Extraordinary Results, The Millionaire Real Estate Agent, The Millionaire Real Estate Investor and SHIFT: How Top Real Estate Agents Tackle Tough Times.

“With tens of thousands of new agents entering the industry each year — and a third leaving before they close a deal — it’s time for a new playbook,” he added. “‘Rookie Real Estate Agent’ is that playbook. It’s built for the realities of 2025 and beyond.”

Email Marian McPherson

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Once on a path for expansion, Homie now a shell of its former self

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Homie never strove to be a brokerage of 22 agents. Its plans were much bigger than that.

The Utah-based discount brokerage was on a path for rapid growth. Its provocative billboards, which once lined the state’s most heavily trafficked highway, captured the attention of consumers and real estate professionals alike as it grew into one of the biggest brokerages in the region.

The company weathered backlash from agents at traditional brokerages and rode the crest of the COVID housing market that spiked homebuying activity and home prices, a double whammy that helped drive consumers to the venture capital-backed discount brokerage.

The company had lofty aspirations of having 1,000 agents in 2021 and plans to expand far beyond the Intermountain West, a feat that, if accomplished, would have made the company among the largest brokerages in the nation.

Today, Homie is just a shell of its former self. Deflated by alleged boycotts from competing agents, disciplinary action by the state and a down market, Homie was sold in February and now operates as a brokerage with fewer than two dozen agents in Utah and Arizona, many of whom have no active listings.

In recent months, real estate professionals in Utah began speculating that Homie had closed for good.

“I’ve never had a potential client say, ‘Well, we were thinking of using Homie,’” said Salt Lake City-based broker Babs De Lay. “My clients generally are educated enough to know you get what you pay for. We don’t even think it’s around.” 

“It’s an interesting thing, which is kind of disturbing to us agents. The minute they stopped doing all of the extreme slamming of agents — Remember all the billboards they had? — once they stopped doing all of that, they really had a hard time,” said Patricia Laforte, a transaction coordinator near Salt Lake City. 

Homie is still around. It’s just turning the corner in a remarkable pivot from market disruptor to a small outfit looking to win listings on the promise of a discount.

Credit: Homie / Facebook

New ownership

According to records filed with the state of Utah, the brokerage name was sold to Tyler Tiberius in February. The filing was signed by a representative with a Utah-based investment firm called Wasatch Group, a previous backer of Homie.

Tiberius is an entrepreneur whose companies, Tiberius Technology and Tiberius Arms, create training for police and military, and who has a history of creating paintball guns and non-lethal police weaponry.

His family made international headlines in 2022 when his wife gave birth to identical triplets at the age of 46, giving the couple seven boys. 

It’s not clear whether Tiberius has a history in real estate. He isn’t registered as having a real estate license in either of the two states Homie now operates in.

Tyler Tiberius

State records show that the entity Homie Broker was created last fall by a group that includes Tiberius and John Hanna, who was CEO and co-founder of Homie before he left in September 2022. The real estate agent Bob Ross, Homie’s principal broker, is also listed in state records as a manager of the company.

Hanna didn’t respond to multiple requests for comment. A Homie spokesperson said he isn’t part of the Homie Broker team, despite his inclusion in state records as a manager of Homie Broker.

Ross is the principal broker for Homie Broker in Utah, where the company has 20 licensed agents, and Arizona, where Homie has two agents. Ross referred questions to a spokesperson and didn’t respond to a request to talk about the brokerage.

Homie Broker, the current company, is separate from Homie Technology, which is the entity that is suing the National Association of Realtors and a handful of other competitors that Homie said conspired to defeat it.

Homie declined to share details with Inman about the transaction, make Tiberius available for an interview, answer questions about the company’s plans under the ownership change or confirm Tiberius’ identity as the owner of Homie as well as Tiberius Arms and Tiberius Technology.

Homie’s marketing director said the company still had its eye on expanding again.

“Homie Broker LLC remains committed to keeping fees low and transparent, continuing the original mission of making homeownership more affordable and accessible for all,” said Sarah Edelman, the marketing director. “Thoughtful expansion beyond Utah and Arizona is also part of the longer-term vision as the company grows in a sustainable, service-driven way.”

A remarkable shakeup 

A year ago, Homie shed half its staff, converted its salaried agents to contractors, and saw the resignation of key leadership.

Homie has offered scant information about the company’s status, although it provided some answers to Inman’s questions.

In recent months, Homie shuttered its ancillary service, Homie Loans. Nearly all of its original leaders have moved on. 

Less than a month before Tiberius and Hanna created the entity called Homie Broker, Mike Peregrine resigned from the company, which was officially called Homie Technology, in November 2023.

The company once offered mortgage, title and insurance. Homie Loans surrendered its real estate license to the state of Utah at the end of 2024, records show

Homie Broker lists 20 active agents and brokers in the state of Utah. It has two active agents in Arizona, plus Ross as the designated broker, according to records in that state.

The hollowed-out company raised $23 million in funding rounds as recently as 2020, when it said it was aggressively fundraising to expand far beyond Utah.

In June 2017, within 18 months of its launch, Homie claimed to be the seventh-largest brokerage in Utah. The company said at the time that it closed 800 transactions in the previous year and had a “run rate just under 3 percent market share,” which in 2016 would have amounted to 1,470 deals, according to Hanna.

The company said that in 2019 it was the top brokerage in Utah by sales volume, a number that’s difficult to confirm. It said that year that nearly three out of every four Homie agents was awarded a Realtor 500 for being one of the top producers in the state.

With its small team of agents, Homie is still committed to offering discount services to sellers, the company said, with sellers paying a flat $5,500 fee to list their home below $1 million, or $11,000 for homes above.

For De Lay, Homie’s contraction wasn’t necessarily a remarkable pivot as much as it was an inevitable shift as the market slows.

“Those kinds of companies surface when it’s an incredibly big sellers market,” De Lay said. “Then they vanish when the market settles down.” 

Email Taylor Anderson

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Former eXp agent is latest to sue brokerage over alleged assault

Kirsten Childress alleged she was drugged and sexually assaulted following a private event during eXp Shareholder Summit in May 2023. She is the sixth woman to make similar allegations in court.

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A former eXp agent sued the brokerage and a photographer who worked for one of its agents, saying she was drugged and sexually assaulted after a networking gathering that took place during an eXp event in 2023, and that eXp failed to properly investigate the incident.

Kirsten Childress alleged that she met the photographer, Nicholas B. Moore, at an open bar hosted by an eXp vendor during the eXp Shareholder Summit in May 2023 before the alleged attack took place.

After filing her civil lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida on Monday morning, Childress became the latest woman to sue eXp and allege she was attacked after attending an event affiliated with the brokerage and receiving a laced drink.

Childress said that she attended a networking event with an open bar and food hosted by an eXp vendor during the summit. She recalls drinking 1-2 vodka cranberry cocktails while eating and socializing during the event, her complaint says. 

“The next thing [she] recalls is being raped and strangled by [Moore] in his hotel room,” the complaint says.

Moore hasn’t been charged with a crime. He didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment on Monday, the day Childress filed her civil complaint against him and eXp.

In a statement, eXp said that it was “deeply concerned” about the allegations and distanced itself from the event that preceded the alleged attack.

“We are deeply concerned by any report of harm and extend our compassion and support to Ms. Childress,” the brokerage said in a statement. “The alleged incident occurred at a private, non-eXp-sponsored event, and the accused individual is not affiliated with eXp Realty. When the matter was brought to our attention, we immediately responded by offering support to the victim and by taking action to help to ensure the safety of other eXp agents. We want to be clear that eXp does not in any way condone, and had no involvement or control over, the actions of the accused individual.”

The allegations

The New York Times reported on Childress’s lawsuit on Monday. The outlet first reported on the case in an article about similar allegations involving eXp and its agents in December 2023.

The alleged incident happened in a hotel room after a networking event hosted by an unspecified eXp vendor on the Friday night of the event.

The NYT reported that detectives with the Orange County Sheriff’s Office interviewed Moore the morning after the alleged attack, during which he said they had consensual intercourse. 

Neither the hospital nor the Victim Service Center conducted toxicology screenings, according to the complaint. The state attorney’s office later declined to prosecute the case, citing the lack of toxicology testing, the complaint states.

Moore allegedly said that he had no sexual contact with Childress, and that he ordered a rideshare to take her to her hotel after he learned she was married, according to the lawsuit.

“However, DEFENDANT MOORE’s DNA was detected from vaginal swabs collected from the rape kit,” Childress’s lawsuit states.

“DEFENDANT MOORE later admitted to the law enforcement he choked PLAINTIFF during sex but claimed it was consensual,” the complaint says. “This is inconsistent with PLAINTIFF’s statements, memory loss, post-traumatic presentation, and physical evidence.” 

According to the complaint, eXp didn’t conduct an investigation into the alleged conduct, and Moore still worked as a contractor for at least one eXp agent months after the alleged incident.

“DEFENDANT eXp’s failure to investigate is consistent with DEFENDANT eXp’s pattern and practice of turning a blind eye and not investigating the conduct of its top agents, contrary to its own Policies and Procedures.”

In her complaint, Childress accuses Moore of sexual battery and intentional infliction of emotional distress. She accuses eXp of negligent misrepresentation and breach of contract.

She is seeking compensatory relief to be determined at trial, punitive damages from Moore and eXp, and an injunction requiring policy reform and reporting transparency at eXp.

Previous lawsuits

In February 2023, four women accused two eXp Realty agents of luring them to industry and company events with the promise of career advancement, only to then drug and sexually assault them.

That complaint ultimately argued that the two men participated in an “ongoing venture to entice women to travel in interstate commerce, recruit enthusiastic real estate agents with the promise of career advancement and coaching, and use their considerable influence in the real estate industry on these other real estate agents behalf, knowing that they would use means of force, fraud or coercion to cause these women to engage in a sex act.”

A fifth eXp agent filed a lawsuit that made similar allegations in December 2023.

Those lawsuits are still in litigation.

Email Taylor Anderson

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1 in 10 agents in Intel survey say they’ve seen tariffs blow up a deal

Agents and brokers are already feeling the impact of new trade policies, new Intel polling shows, an indication that the brokerage business might not be as insulated from tariffs as once thought.

This report is available exclusively to subscribers of Inman Intel, the data and research arm of Inman offering deep insights and market intelligence on the business of residential real estate and proptech. Subscribe today.

While U.S. importers, retailers and homebuilders found themselves on the front lines in the government’s sweeping new tariffs on imports, American real estate brokerages were already beginning to feel the pain.

Just over 1 in 10 agents who responded to April’s Inman Intel Index survey said that they had witnessed a sale fall apart in their market because of “tariff impact.” Brokerage leaders Intel surveyed, from their higher perch within their respective organizations, were even more likely to have seen a deal blow up because of tariffs.

This early temperature check was taken a few weeks after the Trump administration announced — then paused — sweeping reciprocal tariffs on U.S. imports, leaving in place a new 10 percent baseline tariff on imports from most countries. 

They also reflect a period of time when duties imposed on Chinese imports were as high as 145 percent, before those too were temporarily brought back down.

The ever-changing policy environment has introduced a fresh wave of angst within the brokerage world, which by late April was broadly concerned about the direction of the U.S. economy, Intel’s survey found.

Dive into the numbers in this week’s full report.

A lurking threat

At first glance, real estate brokerages aren’t the most exposed business model to the impact of broad universal tariffs.

Brokerages have relatively low reliance on capital goods to conduct transactions and make commissions, aside from the computers and electronics that they need to do their jobs.

And the broader impacts of new tariffs on housing supply — such as on prices of lumber and other inputs to residential construction — are unlikely to be fully felt for months or years.

But that doesn’t mean brokerages have seen no effect in their day-to-day experiences with clients, who are weighing the same uncertainty of the new policy in their own complex and often high-stakes decisions to list or buy a home.

  • Nearly 14 percent of real estate agents surveyed in April by Intel said they had seen a recent deal fall apart due to job loss.
  • 11 percent of respondents said “tariff impact” had caused a deal in their market to fall apart.
  • And 8 percent pointed to unexpected complications involving the Federal Housing Administration, the Department of Housing and Urban Development or the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

It should be noted that a large majority of agents surveyed — 74 percent — said that they had not seen any of these factors blow up a deal at any point in the last three months.

It’s also unclear in what ways the tariffs have impacted these deals, or whether the transactions in question were for their clients or those of other agents in their market.

In future surveys, Intel will dive deeper into this group to better understand this complex and evolving issue for the industry.

But in the meantime, part of the picture is clear: A lot of clients are asking about the tariffs during the homebuying process, and expressing unease about how they might affect them.

  • 45 percent of agent respondents and 51 percent of brokerage leader respondents told Intel in April that clients have inquired about the effect of new trade policies on real estate prices — even though the tariffs are not expected to directly apply to domestic real estate sales or brokerage commissions.

Some real estate professionals also reported they are already anticipating a negative impact on their markets from federal layoffs — although the impact is expected to remain modest.

  • 55 percent of agents surveyed in April said their market has seen no impact from federal government layoffs.
  • 43 percent of agents in the survey said their market had been negatively impacted by federal job cuts, but less than 8 percent of all agents surveyed described a “very negative impact” from these cuts.
  • Just over 1 percent of agent respondents in April described positive effects in their markets from federal job cuts so far.

This newfound unease was also felt by the broker-owners, executives and investors Intel surveyed last month.

The view from the top

When Intel has asked in the past about concerns over the market — such as with changes to commissions resulting from the NAR settlement — agents have often been more prone to worry than the leaders at their brokerages.

But when it comes to the tariffs, both groups reported a broad range of concern in late April. 

  • 75 percent of agent respondents in April said they were concerned or very concerned about the U.S. economy right now, compared to only 8 percent who said they were pleased with the economy.
  • For brokerage leaders, 65 percent told Intel that they were concerned or very concerned, while 15 percent said they were pleased with the state of the economy.

Brokerage leaders were just as likely as their agents to say that their business decisions have been affected by recent economic uncertainty, but less likely to describe that effect as “significant.”

  • Only 28 percent of agent respondents said recent economic uncertainty has had no impact on their business decisions at all — nearly identical to the share of brokerage leaders who said the same.
  • Meanwhile, 32 percent of agents said that uncertainty has had a “significant” effect on their decisionmaking, compared to 20 percent of brokerage leaders who said the same. 

The responses in this report reflect a slice of industry sentiment at a specific snapshot in time: specifically, the survey date range of April 17 through May 2. 

Since then, trade barriers have continued to shift — and in some cases, on a temporary basis, ease — as the White House has responded to market uncertainty and expressed openness to striking deals with major trade partners.

Intel will continue to track the effect of trade policy on brokerages in the months to come.

Methodology notes: This month’s Inman Intel Index survey was conducted April 17-May 2, 2025, and received 428 responses. The entire Inman reader community was invited to participate, and a rotating, randomized selection of community members was prompted to participate by email. Users responded to a series of questions related to their self-identified corner of the real estate industry — including real estate agents, brokerage leaders, lenders and proptech entrepreneurs. Results reflect the opinions of the engaged Inman community, which may not always match those of the broader real estate industry. This survey is conducted monthly.

Email Daniel Houston

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5 costly mistakes agents make with ChatGPT (and how to fix them)

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Whether you’re farming leads, writing listing descriptions or generating content for your next newsletter, ChatGPT may just be the most powerful assistant you could ever use, provided you know how to prompt it to work its magic. I asked ChatGPT to identify the five most common mistakes it sees real estate agents making as well as what agents can do to avoid them. 

5 costly ChatGPT mistakes

Mistake 1: Trusting ChatGPT without verifying the facts

At Real Estate Connect in NYC in 2024, David Edelman from the AI Lab at MIT described generative AI models, including ChatGPT, like this: “Generative AI is like a brilliant Ivy League intern, supremely confident in itself, and is totally full of it, 10 percent of the time.” 

Edleman then gave the audience this important warning: “If you’re working with generative AI, you are in the bullshit detection business.” 

Here’s what ChatGPT had to say about what agents are doing wrong. 

Too many Realtors are copying and pasting AI-generated content directly into listing sites, newsletters and blog posts without checking accuracy. ChatGPT is powerful, but it’s not a replacement for research or professional judgment.

Consequently, always fact-check AI-generated data and hyperlinks, because many times they’re flat-out wrong or even non-existent. Here’s what ChatGPT said to do instead:  

Always fact-check specifics: If you ask for stats on your local market, confirm the numbers with your MLS or NAR reports. For example, ChatGPT may summarize general trends, but it doesn’t know the latest from your city’s planning commission or the zoning update that just passed.

Cross-check property data: ChatGPT can help you format a listing description or write neighborhood guides, but don’t rely on it to verify square footage, flood zones or school district boundaries.

To get accurate hyperlinks to content I’m researching, I tell ChatGPT, “Provide me with your sources plus accurate URLs because the editors at Inman will be fact-checking the accuracy of what you give me.” This works over 90 percent of the time with ChatGPT. 

The ChatGPT recommendation was to:

Ask me for “5 reputable links for [X]” so you can double-check key facts.” Your editor, clients, and license will thank you.

The keywords you will probably want to use are “double check key facts.” 

Mistake 2: Using the default ChatGPT voice (aka ‘boring bot syndrome’)

AI-generated content often sounds like a college term paper. While it may be technically correct, it lacks personality, but most importantly, it doesn’t sound like you.

Part of the issue is that Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Grok are all prediction machines. I find they often string a series of facts together and punctuate like it’s a sentence. In truth, it sounds like a list of bullet points rather than an inviting conversation.  

Here are ChatGPT’s suggestions for avoiding this issue:

  • Train me on your voice. Share a few pieces of your writing (listing remarks, past blog posts, your “About Me” page) and ask me to mimic your tone. I can adjust for casual, luxury, humorous, persuasive — you name it.
  • Give direction about your audience. Do you want to sound like a tough-love investor mentor or a warm, neighborhood expert? I can tailor differently for first-time buyers vs. seasoned landlords.
  •  Try this command: “Write this post for a buyer relocating to Austin who’s nervous about interest rates. Use a calm, reassuring tone with short sentences and a dash of humor.”

Mistake 3: Asking for a blog post and expecting a masterpiece

A crucial rule when working with any LLM is to give it specific, detailed instructions. In many cases, the more detail you provide, the better your results will be. Here’s ChatGPT’s take on the issue: 

What agents are doing wrong:
Many agents give me a one-liner like, “Write a blog post about staging” and get back generic, surface-level fluff. That’s like handing your contractor a hammer and expecting a finished house. 

Here’s what to do instead: 

  • Use a multistep process: First, tell me your goals (SEO, lead capture, education), your audience (investors, sellers, FSBOs), and your preferred format (list, how-to, storytelling).
  • Then build in layers: Start with an outline, review it, then generate each section one at a time. This lets you keep control and refine tone and content as we go.
  • Use this command: “Let’s brainstorm 5 blog titles to attract luxury sellers. Then outline one and write the intro paragraph only.”

Mistake 4: Expecting ChatGPT to be good at math (Spoiler: It’s not)

While ChatGPT can arrange your data in a beautiful infographic, you’re better off doing the numbers on a handheld calculator as opposed to using an LLM. As ChatGPT observed, 

Agents often treat ChatGPT like a calculator or spreadsheet and expect it to reliably crunch numbers or pull property-level comparable sales.

Here’s what to do instead: 

  • Use me for messaging and strategy, not math: I can write about why a 6.5 percent cap rate is appealing to a multifamily investor, but I’m not going to accurately calculate the ROI on your 12-unit listing.
  • Ask for explanations, not calculations: Want to break down how seller carryback financing works? I can explain it in 3 ways — simple, detailed and with analogies, but don’t ask me to tabulate amortization schedules. Use Excel or a financial calculator for that.
  • I’m not a mathlete: I’m a messaging engine. Use me to craft the story that supports your numbers, not to generate them.

Having said that, OpenAI does have a companion to ChatGPT called Wolfram that does accurate mathematical calculations. It’s available to all ChatGPT subscribers at the $20 per month level. 

Mistake 5: Asking if ChatGPT can do something and believing its answer

Edelman’s assessment about generative AI models sounding “supremely confident” was spot on. I’ve been working with it for two years, and I constantly have to monitor the accuracy of what it creates for me. As it observed, 

Agents will ask, “Can you do this?” and take “Yes!” as gospel. But I don’t know what I don’t know — and sometimes I’ll give you confident answers that are dead wrong.

Here’s what to do to avoid making this mistake: 

  • Test it for yourself: If you’re unsure whether I can format a CSV of expired listings or write a seller script for your next listing appointment, don’t ask me if I can — just give me a test prompt and see how I perform.
  • Give me feedback: Tell me what I did wrong and what to fix. My best responses come from guided refinement, not blind confidence.
  • Use this prompt: Let’s test how well you can write a text message to a seller with low showing traffic. Give me three variations with different tones: friendly, urgent and consultative.

Here are ChatGPT’s top takeaways for real estate pros:

  • Fact-check everything. Especially local data, stats or property details. I’ll get you 80 percent there — but you’re still the editor-in-chief of your brand.
  • Customize the tone. Don’t let your content sound like everybody else’s. Train me on your voice and your audience.
  • Break big tasks into steps. Use outlines, structure your projects and guide the process like a director, not a passenger.
  • Know what AI is — and isn’t — good at. Use me to generate content, not calculate interest payments or count units in a complex.
  • Test, tweak, repeat. AI works best when treated like a collaborator, not a crystal ball.

Here’s ChatGPT’s final take on this topic: 

You’re not hiring a robot — you’re onboarding the world’s best unpaid intern with a Ph.D. in communication and a D-minus in counting. Used strategically, ChatGPT can free up hours of your time, sharpen your messaging, and help you build deeper connections with clients. Just remember, I’m not magic. I’m a mirror — and the clearer your prompts are, the better your results will be.

Bernice Ross, president and CEO of BrokerageUP and RealEstateCoach.com, and the founder of RealEstateWealthForWomen.com is a national speaker, author and trainer with over 1,500 published articles.

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How NAR, MLSs and Zillow use market power to serve themselves

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“When it comes to selling or buying a home, what you don’t know can hurt you.” That was the opening sentence of our 2012 book, Inside the Sell: Top Agents Reveal Unspoken Secrets and Dangers of Buying and Selling Your Home. 

Back then, our goal was to expose the conflicting incentives, institutional laziness and bad habits baked into residential real estate — and help level the playing field between real estate professionals and prospective buyers and sellers.

Fast forward 13 years, and it’s clear consumers in residential real estate are facing a new wave of bad practices, but this time, the questionable behavior isn’t coming from individual agents — it’s happening at the industry level. “Organized real estate” entities, including the National Association of Realtors (NAR), local Realtor associations, local Multiple Listing Services (MLSs) and powerful listing aggregators like Zillow are instituting rigid new policies to protect their market dominance and economic self-interest.

Under the guise of fairness, transparency and consumer protection, these entities are striving to tighten their grip on real estate data and undermine consumer choice in the process.

What this means for you

The organized real estate entities paint consumers with a broad brush, but in residential real estate transactions, there are two groups of consumers, buyers and sellers (or renters and landlords). What’s “good” for one group may not be, and often is not, “good” for the other and vice versa.

Generally speaking, sellers want the freedom to market their homes in the manner they think will achieve the best result. They want the flexibility to craft custom marketing strategies with their chosen agents, without being forced into a homogenized distribution system that could weaken their bargaining position and ultimately diminish the value of their property.

Buyers, on the other hand, want access to inventory, and the ability to connect with an agent knowledgeable about the particular property, not a random agent who paid Zillow or another portal an advertising fee to intercept the “buyer lead.”

To really understand what’s going on and what your risks are, it’s time we go back “inside the sell” — because once again, what you don’t know can hurt you.

The fight

In 2020, the NAR implemented a new listing policy called the Clear Cooperation Policy (CCP), mandating that if a listing is marketed publicly in any way, it must be entered into the MLS within one business day. If a listing agent fails to comply, he may be subject to fines by the MLS (as much as $5,000 per occurrence) and suspension or expulsion from the MLS/NAR.

Following ongoing scrutiny and a reopened investigation by the Department of Justice, NAR has made some modifications to the CCP, although these were not directly mandated by a court order or settlement. In March 2025, the NAR announced a modification to CCP in which it gave listing agents the option to market their listings as a “Delayed Marketing Exempt Listing.”

While the change nominally gave sellers more choice, in reality, the modification ensured that Zillow and other portal websites continued to receive their treasured listing data.

To maintain control of the listing inventory they rely on to profit, local Realtor associations and their affiliated MLS’s require listing agents and brokers to get prospective buyers to sign ridiculously one-sided forms in a blatant attempt to scare/intimidate sellers into using the MLS.

Here’s an example of the form that our local MLS (Bright MLS) requires sellers in our market to sign with the listing paperwork.

In April 2025, Zillow jumped on board, announcing a “CCP-like” policy stating that “when a listing is publicly marketed to consumers — whether through a sign in the yard, an Instagram post or on a brokerage website behind the lure of exclusive inventory behind a consumer login — it must be submitted to a Multiple Listing Service (MLS) within one day and published on Zillow and other sites that receive listing feeds.”

Zillow’s penalty for failure to comply is that the listing would not be published on Zillow. To support its new policy, Zillow cited a 2021 study suggesting that off-market listings sell for approximately 1.5 percent less on average, although the study’s methodology and applicability have been criticized.

Major brokerages, including our broker, Compass, are opposing CCP and Zillow’s policy change, arguing that the NAR, the MLS’s and Zillow are restricting consumer choice to maintain and grow their market dominant positions.

To fully understand what’s happening, let’s look at the players:

The industry players

Salespersons and brokers

To become an agent, a person must obtain a state license and then affiliate with a principal broker (e.g. Compass, RE/MAX, Sotheby’s, Keller Williams, Coldwell Banker, etc.) to legally transact.

There are approximately 2 million real estate agents in the United States, and over 300,000 principal brokers. Approximately, 4 million to 6 million homes are sold every year in the United States.

Needless to say, residential real estate at both the broker and agent level is highly competitive and fragmented. As an example, our broker, Compass, is the largest brokerage by sales volume in the United States, and has about 6 percent market share.

Real estate agents vs. Realtors

Approximately 75 percent of all licensed real estate agents are “Realtors”. To become a Realtor, an agent must join the National Association of Realtors (NAR), pay membership fees and agree to abide by the NAR Code of Ethics.

In most markets, an agent must join and pay the NAR, the state association and the local Realtors association through something called The Three Way Agreement in order to have access to listing information from the respective local MLS data and associated lockbox technology.

MLSs

Approximately 500 local and regional MLSs act as cooperation platforms among participating brokers to share listing information within a specified geographic area. The vast majority of MLSs require any agent who wants access to the MLS to join the NAR and the agent’s local Realtor association.

Because each MLS is formed by a group of cooperating brokers, they almost always have dominant market share in their respective geographic area. Most MLSs operate as nonprofit subsidiaries of Realtor associations, although some have adopted for-profit models or have commercial arms.

Zillow

Zillow Group, Inc. (Zillow), founded in 2006, built a free, consumer search engine by aggregating and homogenizing licensed data from the 500 MLS’s across the country. Zillow and its sister brands, Trulia, Hotpads, StreatEasy and Dotloop, claim to have 66 percent audience market share of unique “real estate” visitors (as defined by Comscore), according to a February 2025 Investor Presentation.

Follow the money

There are three buckets of value in the residential real estate industry:

  • real estate commissions
  • fees/dues extracted from the approximately 2 million real estate agents in the United States
  • real estate data.

Commissions

This bucket usually commands the headlines in residential real estate and was most recently front page news with the 2023 Sitzer | Burnett class action lawsuit decision in which the plaintiffs were awarded $1.8 billion in damages, followed by the NAR settlement with the DOJ in 2024.

Brokers are free to structure their fee schedule anyway they like so there are a range of options from“discount brokers’ such as Redfin, who offer listing and buyer broker services a la carte or for a flat fee, to “full service” brokers who offer a bundled full service in exchange for a commission upon purchase or sale of a property.

Fees/dues

Because of the importance real estate transactions have in our society, every state has its own licensing requirements.

In addition to paying the application fees and annual dues to the agent’s state licensing board, a real estate agent who wants access to the listing data must also join (and pay membership fees to) the NAR, the agent’s local Realtors association and the local MLS. These organizations have all the power and therefore, set the rules and create the payment structures.

Data

While commissions grab the headlines and fees/dues fall under the radar, the true battleground for the future of residential real estate lies in the data. Let us explain.

When a listing agent obtains a seller client, the listing agent typically invests hundreds or even thousands of dollars in marketing collateral, including professional photography, videos, floor plans, marketing copy, features lists, site plans, etc. As a reference point, if each listing agent spends on average $500 per listing to develop this content, then collectively, listing agents spend between $2 billion and $2.5 billion each year creating the content that fuels the industry.

Once the data is created, the listing agent then uploads that information to their local MLS. The MLS maintains a searchable database of listing data from all the listing agents who “cooperate” within the MLS. Each MLS requires all member agents to agree to a non-negotiable “Terms of Service” agreement, which allows the MLS to license the listing agents’ data to third parties, including other brokerages, consumer-based search engines (e.g., Zillow, Trulia, Realtor.com, Homes.com, etc.) and others.

Here is how the industry players are monetizing the listing agents’ data.

NAR and its local affiliates

The NAR is one of the largest and wealthiest trade associations in the United States with over 1.5 million members. The NAR makes money from member dues and therefore has a built-in financial incentive to increase the membership pool. While the NAR does not profit directly from listing agent data, it profits tremendously from the organizational monopolistic structure it has created.

An agent who wants to earn a living helping clients buy/sell real estate will need access to the MLS listings. To join the MLS, the MLS requires membership in NAR, the state association and the local Realtors association through the Three Way Agreement. Effectively, agents have no choice but to join the NAR, state association and the local Realtors affiliate, as well as agree to the non-negotiable Terms of Service of its local MLS.

MLSs

Because each MLS represents a group of brokers in a given geographic area cooperating to share listing data, each MLS is essentially a local monopoly in its respective market. Agents must pay a fee to join the MLS.

When an agent has a listing, he will upload his content to the MLS . The MLS makes additional revenue by licensing the agents’ listing data to third parties (including participating brokers, consumer search aggregators like Zillow, and other third parties).

That’s right, the MLS makes money both ways: the MLS gets paid to collect the data and they get paid to license the data to third parties in perpetuity. It’s an incredibly lucrative business model, and while some monopolies are non-profit consortia, others are highly profitable, for-profit private companies.

The listing agents, on the other hand, retain no residual value in the content they have created. The listing agents’ content is what the industry players are going after. The value of that data is enormous and will only grow with artificial intelligence and its need for data to train the AI models.

Zillow

Zillow aggregates listing agents’ listing data from all the MLSs and consolidates them into one consumer-based search engine that is free to consumers. This begs the question: How does Zillow make money if it’s paying to license the data and then giving it to consumers for free? The answer is Zillow does something incredible – it sells real estate agent data back to real estate agents.

More specifically, Zillow disaggregates the listing information from the listing agent and sells “leads” to real estate agents looking to get clients. The vast majority of listings on Zillow have a large “contact agent” button next to the beautiful pictures of the house. The contact agent button goes to an agent who literally paid to have that affiliation with someone else’s listing.

If a listing agent wants to be exclusively associated with his own listing, Zillow requires the listing agent to pay hundreds to thousands of dollars per listing for that privilege. Zillow makes most of its revenue through advertising and lead-generation tools.

Another way to understand the value of the aggregated data is to consider the market caps of the top 3 publicly traded residential brokers in the United States. Compass, eXp Realty, and Anywhere Real Estate have a combined “market cap” of under $6 billion while Zillow’s “market cap” stands around $14 billion — highlighting the disproportionate value captured by the aggregators. That’s right, Zillow built a $14 billion business off the backs of listing agents’ data.

The argument for Clear Cooperation and Zillow’s new policy

In defense of their new policies, the NAR and Zillow claim that they are a “win for consumers”.The NAR stated, “Brokers and MLSs from across the country asked the NAR to consider policy that will reinforce the consumer benefits of cooperation. The MLS creates an efficient marketplace and reinforces the pro-competitive, pro-consumer benefits that Realtors have long sought to support.”

The core premise under which the NAR, the MLS’s and aggregators like Zillow operate is that mass exposure always benefits the seller. The common refrain goes something like this: “Sellers sell faster and for more money by exposing their homes to the largest possible pool of buyers.” The organized real estate entities make statements like this one as though they are unassailable facts.

As anyone who ever took high school economics knows, the intersection of supply and demand determines price.That being said, the NAR, the MLS’s and Zillow want you to believe that exposure on their platforms is the equivalent of demand.We can tell you that it’s not.

The brokers fight back

So if a listing agent is not going to use the MLS to sell a home, the alternative is known as a “private exclusive” — a property marketed through “private channels” outside of the MLS.

Initially, we were critical of private exclusives because of the risk and temptation for agents/ brokerages to use them in order to increase their chances of double-ending deals (representing both buyer and seller and thereby increasing their compensation).

We outlined these dangers in our book Inside the Sell. Specifically, we highlighted the financial incentive for listing agents to engineer the release of information in a way to maximize the probability of the listing agent’s selling the listing without a cooperating buyer agent/broker or keeping the deal with their own brokerage.

However, over 20+ years, we’ve seen that, when done ethically and strategically, private exclusives can offer significant advantages for sellers:

Control over messaging

The best brands in the world keep tight control of their brand and messaging. Every home is unique, and sellers want the ability to highlight the unique selling features of their home. In real estate, third-party aggregators undermine this control and often strip, reformat, and dilute a listing’s marketing materials.

Even worse, the aggregators often layer additional unverified information and ratings. Zillow, for example, displays unverified and subjective flood risks, climate risks, walk scores, bike scores and the worst of all, the “Zestimate” (Zillow’s algorithm for a property’s fair market value).

Prospective buyers may be passing over properties due to inaccurate/misleading information on a listing that neither the homeowners nor the listing agent may even be aware of and do not have the control to update, correct or remove the data.

Control over distribution channel(s)

Similarly, the best brands tightly control their distribution channel(s) and also ensure that only trained professionals knowledgeable about the product speak to prospective buyers. The aggregators would have you believe differently.

There is a reason you can’t walk into a Target or Walmart to buy a new Rolex. New Rolex watches are exclusively sold by authorized retailers. These jewelers are the official distributors of Rolex watches, ensuring authenticity and quality standards. Selling outside of these channels would cheapen the brand irreparably.

Higher quality buyer interactions

On platforms like Zillow, prospective buyers are intentionally diverted away from the listing agent to other agents willing to pay for a buyer lead. These “pay to play” agents, more often than not, have never seen the home in question, may not be familiar with the home’s community and are certainly not the most qualified person to answer questions about the property.

The objective of these agents is not necessarily to sell the property inquired about but rather to acquire a new client. A common tactic of these agents is to make negative comments about the property in question in an effort to build credibility with the prospective client.

Privacy

Not every seller wants their home publicized across hundreds of websites.

Market testing

Private exclusives allow sellers to conduct price exploration and test positioning strategies before a home is listed on the open market. The top marketing companies in the world test products before a national launch (focus groups, beta tests, limited market rollouts, etc.). Private exclusives are the real estate equivalent.

Days on market

Days on market (DOM) is one of, if not the most, important points of leverage between sellers and buyers. Long DOM is the enemy of the seller because buyers see a long DOM as an opportunity to make lower offers. Said differently, when DOM increases, buyers worry there is an inherent flaw with the property and become concerned about future liquidity when it is their turn to sell.

Why would a seller want to use a platform that displays such a potentially harmful statistic? There’s a reason why dating apps (like Tinder, Hinge, etc.) don’t have “days on market.” If a dating app included a DOM field, we suspect no one would use it.

Scarcity effect

The NAR, the MLS’s and Zillow often make a classic economic argument regarding supply and demand. They suggest that increased exposure of listing information across many websites equates to more demand for a property. Mass distribution doesn’t necessarily create demand.

Behavioral economics suggests that people value information higher when they believe it’s not public. Robert Cialdini, author of the groundbreaking book Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, points out that people tend to want more of those things they can have less of.

In other words, not making a property available through the MLS (and the listing aggregators), in and of itself, can drive higher perceived value.

Intentional scarcity is one of the key reasons Hermès can command over $30,000 for its acclaimed Birkin bag.

If the industry players want consumers and agents to use their platform, they should earn it by delivering value — not by rigging the rules, using scare tactics and hiding behind false claims of consumer protectionism.

Because when it comes to buying or selling a home, what you don’t know still can hurt you.

Steve and Hans Wydler are Associate Brokers who lead Wydler Brothers of Compass in the greater Washington, D.C., metro area.

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